January 3, 2023

What was the use of parchment in ancient times?قدیم زمانے میں پارچمنٹ کا استعمال کیا تھا؟

Leave a Comment / LIS Studies, Questions & Answer / / / , , , , , , , , , ,

Parchment is a writing material made from animal skin, and it has been used for centuries as a medium for writing, printing, and art. In ancient times, parchment was used for a variety of purposes, including:

  1. Writing: Parchment was often used as a writing surface for documents, books, and other written materials. It was more durable than papyrus and could be reused, making it a popular choice for important documents that needed to last a long time.
  2. Printing: Parchment was used as a printing surface in the production of books and other printed materials.
  3. Art: Parchment was also used as a support for drawings and paintings, particularly in the medieval period.
  4. Maps: Parchment was often used to make maps and other types of technical drawings, due to its strength and durability.
  5. Musical scores: Parchment was sometimes used to write down musical scores and other types of music notation.

Parchment was widely used throughout the ancient world and continued to be used for many centuries, until it was eventually replaced by paper in the modern era

What was the use of parchment in ancient times?قدیم زمانے میں پارچمنٹ کا استعمال کیا تھا؟ Read More »

Who developed papermaking industry in Sub-continent?برصغیر میں کاغذ سازی کی صنعت کس نے تیار کی؟

Leave a Comment / LIS Studies, Questions & Answer / / / , , , , , ,

Papermaking was introduced to the Indian subcontinent in the 13th century when the technology was brought to India by Muslim merchants and scholars. The first paper mill in the subcontinent is believed to have been established in the city of Sambhal, in present-day Uttar Pradesh, in the early 14th century.

Papermaking in the Indian subcontinent was initially concentrated in the northern regions, where the climate was more suitable for growing the raw materials used in papermaking, such as cotton and flax. The industry spread to other parts of the subcontinent over time, and by the 16th century, there were paper mills in many cities throughout India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.

The papermaking industry in the subcontinent was largely focused on producing paper for writing and printing. The subcontinent was known for producing a high-quality paper that was used for books, documents, and other printed materials. The industry also made significant contributions to the development of papermaking technology, such as the introduction of new raw materials and the development of specialized tools and techniques.

Who developed papermaking industry in Sub-continent?برصغیر میں کاغذ سازی کی صنعت کس نے تیار کی؟ Read More »

How did paper get from China to Europe? کاغذ چین سے یورپ تک کیسے پہنچا؟

Leave a Comment / LIS Studies, Questions & Answer / / / , , , , , , , ,

Papermaking was introduced to Europe in the 12th century, when paper mills were established in Spain and Italy. The technology for making paper was brought to Europe from the Islamic world, which had acquired it from China during the 7th century AD.

The first paper mill in Europe is believed to have been established in the city of Xativa, in Spain, in the 1140s. The mill was founded by Moors, who had been producing paper in the Islamic world for several centuries. From Spain, the technology for making paper spread to Italy and other parts of Europe, and paper mills were established in several cities throughout the region.

Papermaking in Europe was a slow process at first, with paper being produced in small quantities and at high prices. However, as the demand for paper grew and production methods improved, paper became more widely available and affordable. By the 15th century, the paper was being mass-produced in Europe and was used for a wide range of purposes, including writing, printing, and art.

How did paper get from China to Europe? کاغذ چین سے یورپ تک کیسے پہنچا؟ Read More »

When was the papermaking started in the islamic world?اسلامی دنیا میں کاغذ سازی کا آغاز کب ہوا؟

Leave a Comment / LIS Studies, Questions & Answer / / / , , , , , , , , ,

Papermaking was introduced to the Islamic world in the 7th century AD, when the Arab conquest of the region brought papermaking technology from China to the Middle East. The first paper mill in the Islamic world is believed to have been established in the city of Samarkand, in present-day Uzbekistan, in the 8th century.

Papermaking in the Islamic world quickly became an important industry, with paper mills established in many cities throughout the region. The Islamic world was known for producing a high-quality paper that was used for a variety of purposes, including writing, printing, and art.

Papermaking in the Islamic world was a highly skilled craft, with strict quality control measures in place to ensure that the finished product met the high standards of the market. The Islamic world also made significant contributions to the development of papermaking technology, such as the introduction of specialized tools and techniques for refining pulp and forming sheets of paper.

When was the papermaking started in the islamic world?اسلامی دنیا میں کاغذ سازی کا آغاز کب ہوا؟ Read More »

Who invented paper for the first time in the world?دنیا میں پہلی بار کاغذ کس نے ایجاد کیا؟

Leave a Comment / LIS Studies, Questions & Answer / / / , , , , , , , , , , ,

Paper is thought to have been invented in ancient China around the 2nd century BC. According to tradition, the paper was invented by a court official named Cai Lun during the Han Dynasty.

Before the invention of paper, people in ancient China wrote on tablets made from bamboo or silk cloth. These materials were expensive and not widely available, so Cai Lun was asked to find cheaper and more widely available writing material. He is credited with inventing a process for making paper from plant fibers, such as bamboo, hemp, and rags.

Cai Lun’s method for making paper involved pulping the plant fibers, forming the pulp into sheets, and pressing and drying the sheets to create a final product that was lightweight, strong, and suitable for writing. This process was an improvement over earlier methods of making paper, and it quickly spread throughout China and other parts of Asia.

Papermaking eventually spread to the Arab world and Europe, where it was further developed and refined. Today, paper is made in a similar way to the way it was made by Cai Lun in ancient China, using a variety of plant fibers and modern equipment.

Who invented paper for the first time in the world?دنیا میں پہلی بار کاغذ کس نے ایجاد کیا؟ Read More »

Where from the word paper was adopted ?کاغذ کا لفظ کہاں سے اختیار کیا گیا؟

Leave a Comment / LIS Studies, Questions & Answer / / / , , , , , , , , ,

The word “paper” comes from the Latin word “papyrus,” which was the name of a type of paper made in ancient Egypt. Papyrus paper was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, a reed that grew along the Nile River. The pith was cut into thin strips and laid out in overlapping layers, then pressed and dried to create a smooth surface for writing.

The word “papyrus” was eventually adopted into English and other languages and came to refer to any type of paper, regardless of the material it was made from. Today, paper can be made from a variety of materials, including wood pulp, cotton, linen, and other plant fibers.

Where from the word paper was adopted ?کاغذ کا لفظ کہاں سے اختیار کیا گیا؟ Read More »

How is modern paper made?جدید کاغذ کیسے بنایا جاتا ہے؟

Leave a Comment / LIS Studies, Questions & Answer / / / , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Modern paper is made from wood pulp, which is a fibrous material made by mechanically grinding wood down into a fine, pulpy mass. The wood pulp is mixed with water and other chemicals to create a slurry, which is then pressed and dried to create sheets of paper.

There are several steps involved in making paper from wood pulp:

  1. Logs are harvested from trees and transported to a paper mill.
  2. The logs are debarked and cut into small chips, which are then cooked in a chemical solution to break down the fibers and remove impurities.
  3. The pulp is washed and screened to remove any remaining impurities, then mixed with water to create a slurry.
  4. The slurry is poured onto a moving mesh screen, which drains off the excess water and leaves a thin layer of fibers on the screen.
  5. The fibers on the screen are pressed and dried to remove even more water, creating a sheet of paper.
  6. The paper is rolled onto large cylinders and allowed to dry completely, then cut into the desired size and shape.

How is modern paper made?جدید کاغذ کیسے بنایا جاتا ہے؟ Read More »

On which material were the books written in ancient times?قدیم زمانے میں کتابیں کس مواد پر لکھی جاتی تھیں؟

Leave a Comment / LIS Studies, Questions & Answer / / / , , , , , , , , , , , ,

In ancient times, books were often written on materials like papyrus, parchment, and vellum.

Papyrus was a writing material made from the pith of the papyrus plant, which was commonly found in ancient Egypt. The pith was cut into thin strips and laid out in overlapping layers, then pressed and dried to create a smooth surface for writing. Papyrus was cheap and widely available, so it was often used for everyday documents like letters and receipts. However, it was not very durable and would quickly deteriorate if not stored carefully.

Parchment is a writing material made from animal skin, usually from cows, sheep, or goats. The skin was prepared by soaking it in water and lime, then stretching it on a frame and scraping it to remove any remaining flesh and hair. Parchment was more durable than papyrus and could be reused, making it a popular choice for documents that needed to last a long time, such as legal contracts and deeds.

Vellum is a finer quality parchment made from the skin of a calf, lamb, or kid. It is smoother and more flexible than regular parchment and was often used for important documents and books.

Books written on these materials were often hand-copied by scribes and were expensive to produce, so they were usually reserved for religious texts, legal documents, and other important works. Do you have any other questions about the materials used for writing in ancient times?

On which material were the books written in ancient times?قدیم زمانے میں کتابیں کس مواد پر لکھی جاتی تھیں؟ Read More »

Difference b/w a general & a rare book?عام اور نایاب کتاب میں فرق؟

Leave a Comment / LIS Studies, Questions & Answer / / / , , , , , , , , ,

A general book is one that is widely available and often found in libraries, bookstores, and online. A rare book, on the other hand, is a book that is not widely available and is difficult to find. There are many factors that can contribute to a book being considered rare, such as its age, rarity, condition, and demand among collectors. Rare books can be very valuable and are often collected for their historical or cultural significance.

Difference b/w a general & a rare book?عام اور نایاب کتاب میں فرق؟ Read More »

error: Content is protected !!