ایل سی کی سے کیا مراد ہے ؟ پاکستانی کتب خانوں کی ترقی میں اس کا کیا کردار ہے

ایل سی کی سے کیا مراد ہے ؟

تعارف کولمبو پلان :

ایل سی کی سے کیا مراد ہے ، پاکستان میں ایل سی کی کی کیا اہمیت ہے ، ایل سی کی کی رپورٹ کس نے اور کب پیش کی ، کولمبو پلان کیا ہے ، ایل سی کی اور کولمبو پلان کا آپس میں ربط کیا ہے ، پاکستان کی تعلیمی اور معاشی ترقی میں کولمبو پلان کی اہمیت کیا ہے، پاکستان کے کتب خانوں کی ترقی و ترویج میں ایل سی کی کی رپورٹ نے کس قدر اثرات مرتب کیے ، یہ وہ سوالات ہیں جن کا جاننا ایک لائبریری سائنس کے طالب علم کے لیے انتہائی ضروری ہے ۔ایل سی کی یا اس کی پیش کردہ رپورٹ کے متعلق جاننے سے قبل یہ جاننا ضروری ہے کہ ایل سی کی اور کولمبو پلان کیا ہے۔

کولمبو پلان کا قیام

کولمبو پلان بنیادی طور پر ایک معاشی اور معاشرتی فلاحی پورگرام ہے اور یہ کولمبو پلان ایشیاء کی ترقی پذیر ملکوں کی مدد کے لیے ترتیب دیا گیا تھا ۔ یہ ایشیاء کی تاریخ کی سب سے پرانی علاقائی انٹر گورنمنٹل تنظیم ہے جو 1950 میں وجود میں آئی جس کا بنیادی مقصد ایشیائی ممالک کے معاشی اور معاشرتی ترقی کے پروگراموں میں مدد فراہم کرنا تھا ۔ کولمبو پلان سی لون کے مقام کولبمو میں اسی کی بنیاد رکھی گئی اور اسکا باقاعدہ افتتاح 1 جولائی 1951 میں آسٹریلیا ، کینڈا ،بھارت، پاکستان، سری لنکا، یو کے اور نیوزی لینڈ کے اشتراک سے وجود میں آیااب اس میں دیگر کئی ممالک مزید شامل ہو گئے ہیں، جن کی تعداد اب 28 تک پہنچ چکی ہے جن میں نان کامن ویلتھ تنثظیم ،آسیان اور سارک بھی شامل ہیں۔

کولمبو پلان بھارت کے سفارت کار کے ایم پاٹیکر نے برطانوی اور آسٹریلیا کے سفیروں کو کثیر جہتی فنڈ ز کے قیام کی تجویز دی تھی اور اسی تجویز کی روشنی میں 1950 میں برطانوی وزیر خارجہ ارنسٹ ہیون نے سلیون ، کولمبو کے مقام پر دولت مشترکہ کے تمام وزرائے خارجہ کی کانفرنس منعقد ہوئی کی نمائندگی کی تھی۔ اور اس اجلاس میں اس پلان کی منظوری چھ سال کے لیے دی گئی تھی ، بعد میں اس پلان کو کئی مرتبہ مزید آگے بڑھایا گیا۔

پاکستان کے ابتدائی مسائل

کولمبو پلان کے متعلق اتنا ہی بتانا مقصود تھا کیونکہ ایل سے کی ہمارا بنیادی موضوع ہے اور ایل سی کی اسی کولمبو پلان کے تحت ہی پاکستان آیا تھا ۔ پاکستان 1947 میں معرض وجود میں آیا تو اسے ابتدائی کئی مسائل ورثے میں ملے جن میں ایک اہم مسلئہ یہ بھی کہ ہندو لائبریرین بھارت کی جانب ہجرت کر گئے اور جانے سے قبل بہت سے کتب خانوں کا سامان اور کتب بھی ساتھ لے گئے جو نا لے جاسکے تو بقیہ کو تباہ کر گئے یوں پاکستان میں لائبریریوں کو نہ صرف نقصان پنہچا بلکہ لائبریری کا قحط بھی پیدا ہو گیا اور پاکستان کو تعلیمی میدان میں ترقی کرنے کے لیے از سر نو کتب خانوں کی بحالی کا چیلنج تھا ۔ چونکہ 1950 میں ایشئائی ملکوں کے لیے کولمبو پلان وجود میں آ چکا تھا اور اس کے ابتدائی ممبر ممالک میں پاکستان بھی شامل تھا تو حکومت پاکستان کی درخواست پر کولمبو پلان کے پلیٹ فارم سے ایک وفد پاکستان بھیجا گیا جس کا بنیادی مقصد کتب خانوں کے قیام اور ان کی ترقی کے لیے ایک جامع پلان حکومت پاکستان کو مرتب کر کے دینا تھا ۔

مسٹر ایل سی کی

مسٹر ایل سی 1903 میں پیدا ہوئے ، اور شعبہ کتب خانہ کو جوائن کیا اور اپنے دور میں وہ کئی اہم عہدوں پر فائز رہے ۔ جب ان کی وفات ہوئی تو وہ دو عہدوں پر کام کر رہے تھے ۔مسٹر کی دونوں اداروں کی ترقی سے وابستہ تھے۔لیونل کورٹنی سینٹ ایوبن کی، ایم بی ای، بی اے، ایل اے اے، اور ڈپٹی لائبریرین آف دی کامندولت پارلیمانی لائبریری 1947 سے 967، حال ہی میں ایک طویل عرصے کے بعد کیسل ہل میں انتقال کر گئے۔ان کے پسماندگان میں ان کی اہلیہ الزبتھ ہیں، اس کے بچوں اور تین پوتے پوتیوں ہیں۔مسٹر کی، اپنے شعبہ کے اندر بہت سے دوستوں کو جانتے ہیں۔ وہ لائبریری کا پیشہ اور باہر کورنے کے طور پر، ان چھوٹے لیکن پرجوش اور پیشہ ور لائبریرین میں سے ایک تھے جو 1937 میں آسٹریلین انسٹی ٹیوٹ آف لائبریرین بنانے کے لیے اکٹھے ہوئےکے پیشرو تھے، آسٹریلیا کی لائبریری ایسوسی ایشن (1949 میں۔ وہ 1940/41 میں انسٹی ٹیوٹ کے جنرل سکریٹری کے طور پر بہت سرگرم تھے۔ جو اس کی تیسری سالانہ کانفرنس تھی۔ کینبرا میں، اور بعد میں صدر کے طور پر وہ کینبرا برانچ میں اپنی خدمات سر انجام دیتے رہے۔

مسٹر کی طویل، متنوع اور ممتاز ہیں۔لائبریرین شپ میں کیریئر صرف صحیح طریقے سے ایمانداری سے سر انجام دیا جائے تو عزت رتبہ مقام سب ملتا ہے ہو سکتا ہے۔ مسٹر کی جب دولت مشترکہ کی پارلیمانی لائبریری کو ماڈل بنارہے تھے اور اس کے ساتھ لائبریری آف کانگریس میں ، سینیٹرز اور ممبران کی معلوماتی ضروریات کو پورا کرنے ک
ے اپنے بنیادی کام کے علاوہ،کے لیے اور قومی لائبریری کی خدمات کو ترقی دینے کی ذمہ داری بھی لے لی تھی۔ مسٹر کی نے ایک اہم شراکت کی ان قومی خدمات کے لئے، اگرچہ وہبلکہ پارلیمنٹ میں ان کی براہ راست خدمات کے لئے سب سے بہتر یاد کیا جائے گا جہاں ان کا کیریئر تھا (1925 میں اور 1967 میں ختم ہوا۔ ان کی
خدمت لندن میں نیشنل لائبریری کے ساتھ شروع ہوئی 1944 سے 1948 تک اس کا پہلا نمائندہ ہے۔ انہوں نے امریکہ کی طرز پر پہلی آسٹریلین انفورمیشن لائبریری بھی قائم کی۔انہوں نے آسٹریلیا سے متعلق ریکارڈز کی مائیکرو فلمنگ کی نگرانی کی۔نیشنل لائبریری اور پبلک کے درمیان 1945 کے معاہدے کے تحت پیسفک نیو ساؤتھ ویلز کی لائبریری۔

جب یونیسکو کا قیام عمل میں لایا جا رہا تھا پیرس میں آسٹریلوی وفد کے رکن تھے اور بعد میں آسٹریلیا میں لائبریریوں کے لیے یونیسکو کمیٹی کے رکن بنے۔1948 جب مسٹر کی نیشنل لائبریری کے ڈپٹی لائبریرین تھے تو ان کے شاندار تجربہ کی روشنی میں ایشیائی ممالک کے ثقافتی امداد کے فعال پروگرام میں نامزد کیا گیا ۔ ہندوستان، انڈونیشیا اور فلپائن کے لائبریرین کے لیے 1952 کا آسٹریا کا سیمینار اسی کا حصہ تھا۔ یہ مسٹر کی کے مشورے سے 1954/5 میں عمل کیا گیا۔ برما، بھارت، نیپال ، ہندوستان، اور پاکستان کی گورنمنٹ اور لائبریری حکام سے مسٹر کی سب سے ملے.

مسٹر ایل سی کی 1954/55 میں کولمبو پلان کے تحت چھ رکنی وفد کی سربراہی کرتے ہوئے پاکستان تشریف لائے اور پاکستان کے لیے اپنے قیام کے دوران شب روز محنت سے کتب خانوں کے قیام اور ان کی ترقی کے لیے حکومت پاکستان کو ایک جامع رپورٹ1956 میں پیش کی تھی ۔ اس رپورٹ میں نئے کتب خانوں کے قیام کا ایک خوبصور ت جامع پلان تھا جن میں مسٹر ایل سی کی کے مطابق پورے پاکستان مٰں 36 کتب خانے فل فور بنائے جائیں جن میں ایک قومی لائبریری ہو اور دو صوبائی سطح پر لائبریریاں بنائی جائیں ۔ اس رپورٹ میں یہ بھی کہا گیا اور تجویز پیش کی گئی کہ پاکستان میں موجود 20 کالجز میں اور ایک خصوصی لائبریری فوری طور پر تیار کی جائے ۔ یہ 1956 میں اس وقت پاکستان کے لیے ایک شاندار رپورٹ تھی اور ایک جامع پلان تھا اگر اس پر اس وقت عمل ہوتا تو پاکستان تعلیمی میدان میں آج دنیا کا مقابلہ کر رہا ہوتا مگر اس پلان کو سرد خانے میں ردی کی ٹوکری میں ڈال کر موت مر دیا گیا۔ بعد میں اسی رپورٹ کی روشنی میں 1959 میں حکومت کو خیال آیا تو ایک نیا پلان ترتیب دیا گیا جس کے مطابق ہر صوبے میں صوبائی سطح پر ایک لائبریری ، ڈویژن ، ضلع، تحصیل اور سب تحصیل سطح پر کتب خانوں کی تجویز دی گئی مگر اس پر کس حد تک عمل ہوا ا س سے آپ سب واقف ہیں ۔

1961 میں مسٹر کی مکمل وقت پر واپس آئےپارلیمنٹ کی خدمت جو ان کی پہلی محبت تھی۔اپنی لائبریرین شپ کیڈٹشپ میں گریجوائیشن میلبورن یونیورسٹی سے مکمل کی۔اورمسٹر کی قانون سازی حوالہ جاتی خدمات کے بانی تصور کیے جاتے ہیں۔انہوں نے یہ کام اس وقت کیا جب پارلمیانی لائبریری سروس صرف کتابیں پڑھنے تک محدود یہ تھی۔1966 میں انہوں نے اسٹیبلشمنٹ لیجسلیٹوریسرچ سروس میں حصہ لیا انکی کی بہترین خدمات میں سے آسٹریلیا میں یہ ان کی نمایاں اور منفرد سروس تھی جس کے وہ بانی تھے۔1967 میں ان کی ریٹائرمنٹ کے موقع پر ان کا ایم بی ای کے ایوارڈ سے نوازا گیا۔ مسٹر ایل سی کیا آسٹریلیا کی لائبریرین شپ کی تاریخ میں سب سے نمایاں ہیں۔ ان کی وفات سڈنی میں بروز جمعہ 26 نومبر 1982 کو ہوئی۔

ایل سی کی سے کیا مراد ہے ؟ پاکستانی کتب خانوں کی ترقی میں اس کا کیا کردار ہے Read More »

کتاب اور کتب خانے (آغوش کالج لائبریری مری) از محمد یونس انصاری

Articles / February 22, 2024 / Ch Bakht Yar Zafar / Aghosh library murree, artical, Muhammad Younas Ansari, کتاب اور کتب خانے

محمد یونس انصاری

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کتاب اور کتب خانے

تعارف۔لائبریری آغوش کالج مری

کتاب کی اہمیت ہماری زندگی میں بہت زیادہ ہے ۔ یہ کتاب ہی تو ہے جو ہمیں برے بھلے میں تفریق کرنا سکھاتی ہےاسی نے ہمیں شعور بخشا ،علوم سے آگہی اور غورو فکر کی ترغیب دی ۔ کتاب کے مطالعہ سے ہی انسان میں شعور بیدار ہوتا ہے ، علم و آگہی ملتی ہے بلکہ یہ کہنا زیادہ مناسب ہو گا کہ دل و دماغ کو سکون اور طمانیت کا خوشگوار احساس بھی ہو تا ہے ۔تسکین قلب حاصل ہوتی ہے ۔مطالعے کےعادی لوگ جب تک مطالعہ نہ کر لیں ان کو چین نہیں بنتا۔کتاب پڑھنے سے سرور حاصل ہو تا ہے۔کتابوں کے مطالعہ سے ہمیں ٹھوس دلائل دینے اور بات کرنے کا سلیقہ آتا ہے ۔

آج کے دور میں جو بھی ترقی ہوئی ہے یا ہو رہی ہے وہ مرقوم علم اور کتابوں کی بنیاد پر ہی ہو رہی ہے۔ کتب بینی انسان کی معلومات میں اضافہ کا موجب بنتی ہے۔یہ الگ بات ہے کہ جدید دور میں مطالعے کے لیےنئے نئے ذرائع متعارف کروائے جا رہے ہیں ۔کتاب کی جگہ نئی ٹیکنالوجی نے لے لی ہے ۔ اب ہاتھ میں جدید ٹیکنالوجی ہے جس کی وجہ سے کتاب اور کتب بینی سے دوری اختیار ہوتی نظر آ رہی ہےمگر یہ کہنا بے جا نہیں کہ کتابوں کی دائمی اہمیت و افادیت اپنی جگہ قائم و دائم ہے۔کتاب وہ سہارا ہے جو اس وقت بھی ساتھ رہتی ہے جب سب ساتھ چھوڑ جاتے ہیں ۔ کتاب ہماری تنہائی کی ساتھی ہے ۔ جب رنج و الم کے گہرے بادل ہماری زندگی کو تاریک کر دیتے ہیں تو یہ روشنی کی کرن بن کر ہماری ڈھارس بندھاتی ہے۔

کتب خانہ یعنی لائبریری تعلیمی اداروں میں بنیادی اہمیت رکھتی ہے یہ درس و تدریس کے عمل میں بنیادی کردار ادا کرتی ہے جس میں طلبا کی ذہنی، سماجی اور اخلاقی پرورش شامل ہے۔کتب خانہ تدریسی عمل میں اساتذہ کے پڑھنے اور پڑھانے کی استعداد، شخصیت میں نکھار اور اس کی اعتماد اسازی میں اہم کردار ادا کرتی ہے۔کتب خانہ انسانی زندگی اور خصوصاً طلبا و طالبات کی علمی اور عملی زندگی میں بنیادی اہمیت کا حامل ہوتا ہے۔کتب خانہ نئے نقطہ نظر متعارف کرانے میں مدد گار ثابت ہوتا پے جو تحقیقی و اختراعی معاشرے کے لیے مرکزی حیثیت رکھتا ہےاور آنے والی نسلوں کے لیے ذریعہ تخلیق اور جمع کردہ مستند علمی مواد کو محفوظ کو بنانے کے لیےممد و معاون ثابت ہوتے ہیں۔

لائبریری طلبہ کے مابین تعلیمی رجحانات کو فروغ دینے میں اہم کردار ادا کرتی ہے،جہاں بچے بیٹھ کر کتابیں ، رسالے اور اخبارات پر سکون ماحول میں پڑھتے ہیں۔اب جب کہ دنیا ایک گلوبل ویلج کی شکل اختیار کر چکی ہے اس دور میں بھی کتب خانوں کاکوئی متبادل نہیں ہے۔کتب خانہ طلبا کی فکری سوچ اور سمجھ کو پروان چڑھانے میں بنیادی کردار ادا کرتا ہے۔ایک اچھے اور منّظم کتب خانے کے بغیر کسی بھی تعلیمی ادارے کا وجود ایسے ہی ہے جیسے بغیر روح کے جسم۔مطالعے ،تحقیق اور تحقیقی کارنامے کتب خانوں کی ہی مرحون منت ہیں اس لیے اسکولوں میں کتب خانوں کا وجود وقت کی اہم ضرورت اور ملک و قوم کی ترقی کا ضامن ہے۔

تعلیم اور کتب خانے ایک دوسرے کیلئے لازم وملزوم کی حیثیت رکھتے ہیں کوئی تعلیمی درسگاہ ایک منظم کتب خانے کی ضرورت سے بے نیاز نہیں ہوسکتی ۔ تعلیمی اداروں میں نصابی ضروریات محض نصابی کتابوں سے پوری نہیں ہو سکتیں لہذا علمی وتحقیقی ضروریات پوری کرنے کیلئے اضافی کتب کا ہونا ضروری ہے۔ان کی اہمیت اس لئے بھی بڑھ جاتی ہے کہ یہ صحیح معنوں میں علم کے حصول کا ذریعہ ہیں لہذا یہ بات وثوق سےکہی جا سکتی ہے کہ جو راستہ تعلیمی ادارے سے نکلتا ہے وہ کتب خانےمیں آکر ختم ہو جاتاہے۔

سوشل میڈیا کی بدولت زمانہ ایک نئی کروٹ لے رہا ہے ،دنیا گلوبل ویلج کی شکل اختیار کر چکی ہے۔ترجیحات بدل رہی ہیں ، نت نئی سائنسی ایجادات سامنے آ رہی ہیں اور تمام تر شعبہ ہائے زندگی میں سائنس نے انقلاب برپا کر دیا ہے۔ انفارمیشن ٹیکنالوجی اور جدید ذرائع ابلاغ کی مرہون منت ایک طرف تو یہ نوید سنائی جا رہی ہےکہ مطالعہ کا رجحان کم ہو گیا ہے لیکن دوسری طرف کتابی دنیا میں ای پیپر ، پی ڈی ایف اور ڈیجیٹل کتب نے حیرت انگیز انقلاب برپا کر دیا ہے۔اس انقلاب نے تمام مکاتبِ فکر کے لوگوں کے لیے بہت سی آسانیاں بھی پیدا کر دی ہیں ۔تازہ ترین رجحانات، تخلیقات اور تحقیقات تک رسائی حاصل کرنا کسی بھی علمی ،ادبی اور تحقیقی فرد کے لیے ضروری ہوتا ہے ۔ ایسے افراد کی ضرورت کو پورا کرنے اور ان کے ذوق کی آبیاری کے لیے ای لائبریریاں ایک بہترین فورم ہیں۔

تعلیمی میدان میں قومی و بین الاقوامی سطح پر نمایاں کارکردگی کا مظاہرہ دکھانےمیں آغوش کالج مری سر فہرست ہے ۔آغوش کالج یتیم بچوں کا کیڈٹ ساز اقامتی ادارہ ہے جو کہ مئی 2019 سے نصابی اور غیر نصابی سرگرمیوں کے حوالے سے بہتریں کارکردگی کا مظاہرہ کر رہا ہے۔پاکستان بھر سے کلاس ششم میں داخلےکے لیے بچوں کا امتحان لیا جاتا ہے جس میں بہترین کارکردگی کا مظاہرہ کرنے والے بچوں کا انتخاب کیا جاتاہے۔

بچوں میں مطالعہ کے رجحان کو فروغ دینے کے لیے مختلف سر گرمیوں کا اہتمام کیا جاتا ہے۔لائبریری میں باقاعدہ کلاسز منعقد ہوتی ہیں جس میں بچوں کو مطالعہ کرنے کا طریقہ، اہمیت ،ڈائری کیسے لکھی جائے ، نوٹس کیسے لیے جائیں اور اخذ کردہ معلومات، مطالعے کو کیسے دیر پا محفوظ رکھا جائےوغیرہ سے متعلق رہنمائی دی جاتی ہے جس کی بدولت بچوں میں لائبریری اور کتب استعمال کرنے کے حوالے سے شعور و آگہی پیدا ہو رہی ہے۔ مختلف مقابلہ جات کی تیاری کے لیےبھی لائبریری ہر ممکن کردار ادا کر رہی ہے۔ہر سال کالج میں کتاب میلے کا انعقاد کیا جاتا ہے جس سے طلبہ بھر پو ر استفادہ کرتے ہیں ۔کتب خریدکر اپنے دوستوں، ہم جماعتوں کو تحفۃً پیش کرتے ہیں۔واضح رہے کہ لائبریری میں ایک ہزار سے زائدمتنوع کتب کا ذخیرہ موجود ہے۔ بچے ہر موضوع سے متعلق کتب کا مطالعہ کرتے ہیں، خاص کر قرآن پاک، تفاسیر،سیرت النبیؐ، تاریخ ،سائنس ، ادب، سیرت صحابہ اورتحریک پیدا کرنے والی کتب سر فہرست ہیں۔حالات حاضرہ سے باخبر رہنے کے لیے مختلف رسائل و جرائد اور انگریزی اردواخبارات کی فراہمی بھی یقینی بنائی جاتی ہے۔لائبریری میں مختلف موضوعات پر اہل علم حضرات کے لیکچرز کا بھی اہتمام کیا جاتا ہے۔بچوں میں تخلیقی سرگرمیوں کو پروان چڑھانے کے لیے مختلف کلب بنائے گئےہیں جن میں رائٹرز کلب،سپیکرز کلب، سائنس کلب سر فہرست ہیں۔بوقت ضرورت نصابی و غیر نصابی سر گرمیوں پر مشتمل سمعی و بصری ویڈیوز بھی دکھائی جاتی ہیں۔

سافٹ ویئر استعمال کیا جا رہاہے۔ LIMS جدید خطوط پر استوار کرنے کے لیےلائبریری کوکمپیوٹرائزڈ کرنے کا عمل بھی جاری ہے۔اس مقصدلیے

ای لائبریری کا قیام بھی وقت کی اہم ضرورت ہے ای لائبریری کے قیام سے PDFمیں دستیاب کتاب کےمطالعہ کی سہولت بھی طلبا حاصل کر پائیں گے ۔طلبا کے لیےلیپ ٹاپ بھی فراہم کیے جائیں گے جن سے لائبریری کا OPAC استعمال کرتے ہوئے کتاب کو تلاش کر سکیں گے ۔ لائبریری کو مختلف لائبریریوں سے لنک کیا جا ئے گاجس سے طلبا و اساتذہ کے لیے دیگر کتب خانوں کے موادسے استفادہ بھی ممکن ہو سکے گا۔ Union Catalogue کا عمل بھی ممکن ہے۔

محمد یونس انصاری

لائبریرین آغوش کالج مری

اسلام آباد۔مری ایکسپریس وے

کتاب اور کتب خانے (آغوش کالج لائبریری مری) از محمد یونس انصاری Read More »

L. C Key Report about Libraries (Colombo Plan for Pakistan)

Articles, LIS Studies / February 21, 2024 / Ch Bakht Yar Zafar / L.C key, lc key report about development of libraries in pakistan, librarian report, library expert

THE COLOMBO PLAN
The history of the Colombo Plan for Cooperative Economic and Social Development in Asia and the Pacific, is one of the oldest regional inter-governmental organizations dates far back as 1950, when the idea was first conceived to enhance economic and social development of the countries of the region. The Colombo Plan was established on 1 July 1951 by Australia, Canada, India, Pakistan, New Zealand, Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom and currently has expanded to 28 member countries including non-Commonwealth countries and countries belonging to regional groupings such as ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations) and SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). The Colombo Plan is a partnership concept of self-help and mutual-help in development aimed at socio-economic progress of its member countries.

L.C KEY REPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF LIBRARIES IN PAKISTAN

Consequently, L. C. Key of Australia was invited under the
Colombo Plan, to prepare a library development plan for the country. Key submitted his report in 1956 (Key, 1956). The Key Plan did not materialize; yet it did influence the thinking of librarians in the country. This is evident in library developments that took place in the second-half of 1950s, particularly at Karachi, the then capital of the country. Of these developments, mention may be made of the formation of Pakistan Library Association (PLA) and the establishment of Pakistan National Scientific and Technical Documentation Center (PANSDOC), both in 1957, launching of publication of Pakistan Library Review (1958), and the promulgation of Basic Democracy Order (1959). But the most important event of this decade was the institution of Post-Graduate
Diploma Course in Library Science in August 1956 at the University of Karachi, followed by the University of the Punjab in 1959.

GOVT: ROLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIBRARIES IN PAKISTAN
Since its independence no scheme for the development of Libraries was devised to develop the Libraries on modern lines. Several commission have been set up by the Government to conduct surveys by the experts but all of them got go nothing. In 1949 Late Dr. Abdul Moid prepared a plan known as “NATIONAL PLAN FOR LIBRARY SERVICES IN PAKISTAN” in which 3200 Libraries were recommended on national leve l and one each for provincial head quarter, regional district and municipal town and even mobile libraries for remote areas were also suggested, but the Government had not taken any interest in this regard. In 1956 Mr.L.C Key has prepared report under the scheme of the colombo plan known as” report and proposal on the establishment and improvement of Library service in Pakistan” in this proposal some 36 Libraries were recommended as one National Library two provincial and one for each university 20 for colleges and one special Library was proposed, but the Government has thrown the report in the cold storage.In 1959 a special scheme was organised by the Govt: of Pakistan to establish public library system, with the justification that each province, division, district, tehsil and union c ouncil will be provided with a library. To some extent the scheme has been implemented. In 1980 on the advice of Ex president of Pakistan General Muhammad Ziaul Haq technical working group was constituted by the ministry of Education under the chairmanship of Dr. Anis Khurshid with the member of each province and Federal area. The group visited remote and unapproachable areas of the country, cond ucted interviews/survey programmes and prepared a comprehensive report. It was suggested that 8,000 libraries will be established in the six five year plan, but the scheme has not been implemented. Although the Govt: has established National Library Islamabad and Provincial Library in each Provincial Headquarter.

L. C Key Report about Libraries (Colombo Plan for Pakistan) Read More »

کتاب کےمختلف صفحات کونسے ہیں What Are the Different Pages of a Book?

Articles / January 30, 2024 / Ch Bakht Yar Zafar

کتاب کےمختلف صفحات کونسے ہیں

What Are the Different Pages of a Book?

Books Front and Back Matter

جب لوگ کتاب کے ڈیزائن کے بارے میں سوچتے ہیں، تو پہلی چیز جس پر و

ہ غور کریں گے وہ کتاب کا سرورق ہے۔آپ کی کتاب کے فرنٹ اور بیک معاملے میں شامل کرنے کے لیے مواد کا تعین کرنا اکثر ان حتمی فیصلوں میں شامل ہوتا ہے جو آپ کتاب کو شائع کرتے وقت (یا خود اشاعت) کرتے ہیں۔

i. Parts of a Book’s Front Matter

کتاب کاسامنے والا میٹر عموما کتاب کے سامنے پایا جاتا ہے اور اس میں ہر وہ چیز شامل ہوتی ہے جو مرکزی متن سے پہلے ظاہر ہوتی ہے۔ اس میں کتاب کے عنوان سے لے کر مواد کے جدول تک کاپی رائٹ کی معلومات تک سب کچھ شامل ہے۔ اکثر اوقات، سامنے والے صفحات پر چھوٹے رومن ہندسوں سے نشان لگا دیا جاتا ہے اور یہ کتاب کے ہی تعارف کے طور پر کام کرتے ہیں۔

ii. Parts of a Book’s Back Matter

کتاب کا پچھلے یا بیک سائیڈ کا میٹر عمومی طور پر مرکزی کہانی مکمل ہونے کے بعد کتاب کے آخر میں پائی جانے والی ہر چیز ہے۔ کتاب کے پچھلے حصوں پر دی جانے والی معلومات یا مندرجات اکثر کتاب کی عمومی تفہیم میں مدد کے لیے اضافی معلومات فراہم کرتے ہیں۔

13 Parts of a Book’s Front Matter

اگرچہ زیادہ تر کتابوں میں یہ تمام حصے شامل نہیں ہوں گے، لیکن ذیل میں وہ عناصر ہیں جو عام طور پر کتابوں کے سامنے والے حصے میں پائے جاتے ہیں:

1. Half title page آدھا عنوان صفحہ: کتاب کے بلاک کے سامنے ایک صفحہ جس میں صرف کتاب کا عنوان ہوتا ہے۔ عام طور پر، یہ پہلا صفحہ ہوتا ہے جسے آپ کتاب کھولتے وقت دیکھیں گے اور زیادہ تر عنوان کے لیے خالی ہوتا ہے۔

2. Frontispiece فرنٹ اسپیس: verso (بائیں صفحہ) پر ایک مثال جو عنوان کے صفحے کا سامنا کرتی ہے۔ یہ مثال کتاب کے مضمون یا مصنف کی تصویر سے متعلق آرٹ ہو سکتی ہے۔

3. Series title page سیریز کا عنوان صفحہ: ایک ہی مصنف کی کسی بھی پہلے شائع شدہ کتابوں کی فہرست۔ یہ عام طور پر کتاب کے عنوان کے مطابق حروف تہجی کے مطابق ترتیب دیئے جاتے ہیں۔

4. Copyright pageٹائٹل صفحہ: ایک صفحہ جس میں کتاب کا مکمل عنوان، بشمول سب ٹائٹلز، اور مصنف کا نام۔

5. Copyright page کاپی رائٹ صفحہ: ایک صفحہ جس میں کتاب کا کاپی رائٹ نوٹس ہوتا ہے۔ کالفون کے نام سے بھی جانا جاتا ہے، کاپی رائٹ صفحہ میں اشاعت کا سال، کاپی رائٹس، ایڈیشن کی تاریخیں، اور کتاب میں استعمال ہونے والے ٹائپ فیسس پر نوٹ شامل ہیں۔ کالفون میں عام طور پر ناشر کا پتہ، ISBN، اور پرنٹر اور ترجمے کے بارے میں معلومات بھی شامل ہوں گی۔

6.Dedication page وقف صفحہ: ایک اختیاری صفحہ جس میں مصنف اس شخص یا افراد کی فہرست دے سکتا ہے جن کے لیے کتاب وقف ہے۔

7.Epigraph ایپی گراف: ایک صفحہ جس میں ایک مختصر اقتباس، نظم، فقرہ، یا گانے کے بول ہوں جو کسی نہ کسی طرح کتاب کے موضوعات یا موضوع سے متعلق ہوں۔

8. Table of contentsمندرجات کا جدول: عام طور پر نان فکشن کتابوں میں پایا جاتا ہے، مواد کا جدول (یا مواد کا صفحہ) باب کے عنوانات اور ذیلی عنوانات کو بیان کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

9.List of illustrations or tables تمثیلوں یا جدولوں کی فہرست: جب کتابوں میں ایسی مثالیں یا جدولیں ہوں گی جو کتاب کے لیے سیاق و سباق یا معلومات فراہم کرتی ہیں، تو ایک علیحدہ صفحہ ہوگا جس میں استعمال شدہ تمام تمثیلوں یا جدولوں کی فہرست ہوگی اور وہ کتاب میں کہاں دکھائی دیتے ہیں۔

10.Foreword پیش لفظ: ایک صفحہ جس میں کتاب کے مصنف کے علاوہ کسی اور کی لکھی ہوئی کتاب کا تعارف ہو۔ پیش لفظ عام طور پر غیر افسانوی کاموں میں پائے جاتے ہیں۔

11. Preface دیباچہ: ایک صفحہ جس میں کتاب کا مصنف کتاب کے لیے اضافی سیاق و سباق فراہم کرتا ہے، چاہے وہ کتاب کے الہام کا ذریعہ ہو یا کتاب کی تخلیق پر نوٹس۔

12.Acknowledgements اعترافات: ان لوگوں یا تنظیموں کی فہرست جو کتاب کی تحریر کے دوران مددگار یا متاثر کن تھے۔ بعض اوقات اعترافات کو دیباچے میں شامل کیا جاتا ہے، حالانکہ وہ پچھلے معاملے میں بھی ظاہر ہو سکتے ہیں۔

13. Prologue: عام طور پر افسانوں کے کاموں میں پایا جاتا ہے، prologue کہانی کا آغاز پیش کرتا ہے جو منظر کو ترتیب دیتا ہے، لہجہ قائم کرتا ہے، یا بصورت دیگر قاری کو کتاب کی کہانی کے بارے میں مفید معلومات فراہم کرتا ہے۔ کچھ اسٹائل گائیڈز کے مطابق جیسا کہ دی شکاگو مینوئل آف اسٹائل، پرلوگ کو کتاب کے جسم کا حصہ سمجھا جانا چاہیے۔

7 Parts of a Book’s Back Matter

1.Appendix or addendum ضمیمہ : ضمیمہ میں بنیادی متن کو واضح کرنے یا اپ ڈیٹ کرنے میں مدد کے لیے اضافی معلومات یا ڈیٹا شامل ہوتا ہے۔ اس حصے میں حوالہ جات، پس منظر کی تحقیق، یا ذرائع کی فہرست ہو سکتی ہے۔ کتاب کے اہم واقعات کی تاریخ یہاں یا اس کے اپنے حصے کے طور پر پیش کی جا سکتی ہے۔

2. Endnotes اختتامی نوٹ: اختتامی نوٹ باب نمبر اور صفحہ نمبر کے مطابق ترتیب دیئے جاتے ہیں اور کتاب کے بعض حصوں کے حوالے یا تبصرہ فراہم کرتے ہیں۔ ان کو اینڈ پیپرز کے ساتھ الجھانے کی ضرورت نہیں ہے، جو کہ آرائشی کاغذ کے پتے ہیں جو ہارڈ کور کتابوں کے آغاز یا سرے کو سجاتے ہیں۔

3. اشاریہ

ایک گائیڈ جو متعلقہ صفحہ نمبر کے ساتھ شرائط، لوگوں، تصورات، یا واقعات کی حروف تہجی کی فہرست پیش کرتا ہے۔ انڈیکس جسمانی مادے کے اندر اہم اشیاء کو تلاش کرنے کا ایک آسان طریقہ فراہم کرتا ہے۔

4. Glossary لغت: لغت میں کتاب میں موجود اصطلاحات اور ان کی تعریفوں کی فہرست ہوتی ہے۔ فکشن کے معاملے میں، ایک لغت حروف یا مقامات کی حروف تہجی کی فہرست بھی فراہم کر سکتی ہے۔

5.Bibliography کتابیات: کتابیات کتاب میں درج ہر ماخذ کی مکمل فہرست کے طور پر کام کرتی ہے۔

6.List of contributors تعاون کرنے والوں کی فہرست: اگر کتاب یا کتاب کے کچھ حصے متعدد مصنفین کے ذریعہ لکھے گئے ہیں، تو تعاون کرنے والوں کے نام ایک علیحدہ صفحہ پر درج ہوں گے۔

7. Author bio مصنف کی زندگی: کتاب کے آخر میں عام طور پر آخری صفحات میں مصنف کا صفحہ ہوتا ہے، جس پر مصنف کی مختصر سوانح چھپی ہوتی ہے۔ کتاب کا یہ حصہ عام طور پر مصنف کے پچھلے کاموں، ان کے سب سے زیادہ فروخت ہونے والے، اور اگلی کتاب جس پر مصنف کام کر رہا ہے کی فہرست بنائے گا۔

کتاب کےمختلف صفحات کونسے ہیں What Are the Different Pages of a Book? Read More »

ChatGTP: What is it and how can Library and Information Science Professionals use it Effectively for their Personal, Academic and Professionals Benefits? (Faizan Irfan)

Articles, Uncategorized / April 9, 2023 / Ch. Bakht Yar Zafar / ChatGPT

Introduction

ChatGPT is a large language model created by OpenAI, based on the GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) architecture. It is designed to generate human-like responses to natural language prompts, allowing users to have conversations with it as if they were talking to a real person. ChatGPT was trained on a vast amount of text data, enabling it to generate coherent and contextually relevant responses on a wide range of topics. It has been used for various applications, such as chatbots, language translation, and text completion tasks. ChatGPT is one of the most advanced language models available, and its capabilities continue to improve as it is refined and updated by its developers. Library and information science (LIS) professionals are responsible for organizing, managing, and retrieving information in various formats for different users. They need to keep themselves updated with the latest trends, tools, and techniques to provide effective services to their users. ChatGPT, a large language model trained by OpenAI, based on the GPT-3.5 architecture, can be a valuable tool for LIS professionals to enhance their personal, academic, and professional benefits. In this article, I will discuss how LIS professionals can use ChatGPT for their benefit.

Personal Benefits:

Personal research: Library and information science professionals can use ChatGPT to conduct personal research on various topics that interest them. They can ask questions and get instant responses, helping them to learn more about a particular subject.
Personal writing: ChatGPT can assist library and information science professionals in writing their personal content, such as blog posts or social media updates, by generating ideas, summarizing information, and providing suggestions for word choices.
Personal development: ChatGPT can help library and information science professionals to enhance their personal development by providing advice on various topics like career growth, personal finance, or health and wellness.
Personal productivity: ChatGPT can help library and information science professionals improve their productivity by suggesting tools and techniques that can help them manage their time and work efficiently.
Personal communication: ChatGPT can help library and information science professionals to communicate better with others by suggesting ways to improve their writing style or giving them ideas for conversation starters.
Personal language learning: ChatGPT can be an excellent tool for library and information science professionals who want to learn a new language. They can use it to practice speaking, writing, and understanding different languages.
Personal entertainment: Library and information science professionals can use ChatGPT for entertainment purposes, such as asking for recommendations for books, movies, or music.

Academic Benefits:

Research assistance: ChatGPT can assist library and information science students with their academic research by answering questions, providing summaries, and suggesting sources of information.
Writing assistance: ChatGPT can help library and information science students with their writing by generating ideas, providing feedback, and suggesting ways to improve their writing style.
Study assistance: ChatGPT can assist library and information science students with their studying by providing them with study materials, suggesting study techniques, and quizzing them on their knowledge.
Citation assistance: ChatGPT can assist library and information science students with their citations by providing guidance on how to properly cite sources and which citation style to use.
Language learning: ChatGPT can be an excellent tool for library and information science students who want to learn a new language. They can use it to practice speaking, writing, and understanding different languages.
Career guidance: ChatGPT can provide library and information science students with career guidance, such as suggesting job opportunities, advising on how to build a strong resume or cover letter, and giving tips on how to succeed in an interview.
Exam preparation: ChatGPT can assist library and information science students in preparing for exams by providing practice questions, giving feedback on their answers, and suggesting study techniques.
Academic networking: ChatGPT can assist library and information science students in networking with other students and professionals in the field by suggesting relevant communities, events, and publications.

Professional Benefits:

Research assistance: ChatGPT can assist library and information science professionals in their research by answering questions, providing summaries, and suggesting sources of information.
Writing assistance: ChatGPT can help library and information science professionals with their writing by generating ideas, providing feedback, and suggesting ways to improve their writing style.
Cataloging assistance: ChatGPT can assist library and information science professionals with cataloging by providing guidance on cataloging rules and best practices.
Reference assistance: ChatGPT can assist library and information science professionals with reference questions by providing instant answers and suggesting additional sources of information.
Collection development: ChatGPT can assist library and information science professionals in developing their collections by suggesting.
Outreach and engagement: ChatGPT can assist library and information science professionals in engaging with their community by suggesting outreach strategies and providing resources for community engagement.
Information literacy: ChatGPT can assist library and information science professionals in promoting information literacy by providing resources and guidance for teaching information literacy skills to patrons and students.
Programming and events: ChatGPT can assist library and information science professionals in planning and executing successful programming and events by suggesting ideas, providing guidance on best practices, and offering resources for event planning.
Technical support: ChatGPT can assist library and information science professionals with technical support by answering questions about technology and providing solutions for common technical issues.
Data management: ChatGPT can assist library and information science professionals with data management by providing guidance on best practices for data collection, storage, and analysis.
Professional development: ChatGPT can assist library and information science professionals in their professional development by providing resources for continuing education, suggesting professional development opportunities, and offering career advice.
Collection assessment: ChatGPT can assist library and information science professionals in assessing their collections by providing tools for collection analysis and suggesting methods for improving collections.
User experience: ChatGPT can assist library and information science professionals in improving user experience by providing resources and guidance for designing user-friendly interfaces and spaces.
Digital preservation: ChatGPT can assist library and information science professionals with digital preservation by providing guidance on best practices for digital preservation and suggesting tools for managing digital collections.

Tips to use ChatGPT Effectively

Here are some tips to effectively use ChatGPT:

Be clear and specific: When asking a question or making a request, try to be as clear and specific as possible. The more information you provide, the better ChatGPT can understand and respond to your query.
Use natural language: ChatGPT is designed to understand natural language, so try to phrase your questions or requests in a way that feels natural to you.
Be patient: ChatGPT is a powerful tool, but it may take some time to generate a response. Be patient and wait for a moment while it processes your query.
Refine your search: If ChatGPT doesn’t provide the response you were looking for, try refining your search terms or rephrasing your question.
Try different approaches: ChatGPT is a versatile tool, so don’t be afraid to experiment with different types of questions or requests to see what works best.
Use context: If you’re having a conversation with ChatGPT, try to provide some context for each question or response. This can help ChatGPT understand the broader context of your conversation and provide more accurate and relevant information.
Verify information: While ChatGPT is a powerful tool, it may not always provide accurate information. Always verify information from multiple sources before using it for important decisions or actions.

Conclusion

In conclusion, as a language model, ChatGPT can be a useful tool for library and information science professionals in various aspects of their personal, academic, and professional lives. From personal research and productivity to academic research and writing assistance, ChatGPT can provide quick and helpful responses to a wide range of questions and concerns. Additionally, ChatGPT can be a valuable resource for professional development, technical support, and data management, among other areas. Overall, ChatGPT can offer valuable assistance and guidance to library and information science professionals, enabling them to better serve their patrons and communities.

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ASLIB : Library Association of the World

Leave a Comment / Articles / January 19, 2023 / Ch Bakht Yar Zafar / ASLIB, Library Association of the World

Ch. Bakht Yar Zafar

History of ASLIB, function, aims

Abstract

ASLIB (The Association for Information Management) is a professional organization for information professionals, librarians, and knowledge managers. Founded in 1910, it is based in the United Kingdom. Its purpose is to promote and support the professional development of its members, and to encourage the effective use of information and knowledge management in organizations. ASLIB provides training, professional development opportunities, networking events, and publications, such as journals and conference proceedings, and conducts research and advocacy on issues related to information management and librarianship. It is a member-driven organization, with members from various sectors and countries. The organization aims to promote the value of information management and librarianship to the wider community, and to foster an environment of collaboration and cooperation among information professionals.

Basic Information

ASLIB (The Association for Information Management) is a professional organization for information professionals, librarians and knowledge managers. It is based in the United Kingdom and was founded in 1910. The organization’s mission is to promote and support the professional development of information professionals and to encourage the effective use of information and knowledge management in organizations.

ASLIB provides a range of services and resources to its members, including training and professional development opportunities, networking events, and publications such as journals and conference proceedings. The organization also conducts research and advocacy on issues related to information management and librarianship.

ASLIB is a member-driven organization, and its members include librarians, information professionals, knowledge managers, and other information professionals from various sectors such as education, government, business, and the non-profit sector. It is an international organization with members from the UK, Europe, and other countries.

ASLIB is dedicated to the professional development of its members, and it provides a range of services to support them, such as training, publications, and networking opportunities, to help its members stay up-to-date with the latest developments in their profession and to build a community of like-minded professionals.

History

The Association for Information Management (ASLIB) was founded in 1910 in the United Kingdom. It was originally established as the Association of Society, College and Technical Libraries, with the goal of promoting the professional development of librarians working in these types of libraries.

In the early years, ASLIB focused on providing training and professional development opportunities for its members and on promoting the value of librarianship to the wider community. The organization also published a journal, “The Library Association Record,” which provided a forum for the exchange of ideas and information among its members.

In the 1920s and 1930s, ASLIB expanded its focus to include other types of information professionals, such as knowledge managers and information scientists. This reflected the growing recognition of the importance of information management in organizations.

During World War II, ASLIB played a key role in supporting the war effort by providing training and resources to librarians and information professionals working in government and military organizations.

In the post-war years, ASLIB continued to evolve and adapt to the changing needs of its members. The organization became more international, with members from Europe and other countries, and it expanded its focus to include issues such as information technology and electronic information resources.

Today, ASLIB continues to provide training and professional development opportunities, networking events, and publications to its members. It also conducts research and advocacy on issues related to information management and librarianship, and promotes the value of information management and librarianship to the wider community.

Purpose

The purpose and aims of ASLIB (The Association for Information Management) are to promote and support the professional development of information professionals, librarians and knowledge managers. The main objectives of ASLIB are:

To promote the development and effective use of information and knowledge management in organizations
To provide training, professional development opportunities, and networking events for its members
To provide a forum for the exchange of information and ideas among its members
To conduct research and advocacy on issues related to information management and librarianship
To provide a range of publications, such as journals and conference proceedings, to keep its members informed of the latest developments in the field
To promote the value of information management and librarianship to the wider community
To encourage the development of information professionals through qualifications, professional registration, and career development opportunities
To provide a voice for the profession in national and international forums
To foster an environment of collaboration and cooperation among information professionals.

ASLIB is committed to the professional development of its members and dedicated to the promotion of the value of information management and librarianship, to support its members in the effective use of information and knowledge management in their organizations.

Main Services of ASLIB?

The main services of the Association for Information Management (ASLIB) are:

Training and Professional Development: ASLIB provides a range of training and professional development opportunities for its members, including workshops, seminars, and conferences. These opportunities help members stay up-to-date with the latest developments in the field and improve their skills and knowledge.
Networking: ASLIB organizes networking events such as conferences, seminars, and meetings, where members can connect with other information professionals, share ideas and best practices, and build relationships.
Publications: ASLIB provides a range of publications to its members, including a journal, “Information Management,” which contains articles and research on a wide range of topics related to information management and librarianship. ASLIB also publishes conference proceedings, newsletters, and other publications.
Research and Advocacy: ASLIB conducts research and advocacy on issues related to information management and librarianship. The organization provides information and resources to members on these topics and represents the interests of the profession in national and international forums.
Qualifications and Professional Registration: ASLIB provides support and guidance for members who wish to gain professional qualifications and register with professional bodies.
Career Development: ASLIB provides support and resources for members to develop their career in information management and librarianship.
Online Resources: ASLIB provides an online platform for its members to access information and resources
Working Structure of ASLIB
The working structure of the Association for Information Management (ASLIB) is composed of a combination of a board, committees, and staff members.

The Board: The board of directors is the governing body of ASLIB, responsible for setting the strategic direction of the organization and making decisions on behalf of the members. The board is composed of elected members, who serve for a set term, and the officers of the association, who are elected by the board members.

The committees: ASLIB has several committees, such as the Professional Development Committee, the Research and Advocacy Committee, and the Marketing and Communications Committee, among others. These committees are responsible for specific areas of the organization’s work, such as training and professional development, research, and communication. They are composed of volunteers from the membership who are appointed by the board.

The staff: ASLIB employs a small staff team responsible for the day-to-day management and operations of the organization. They work closely with the board and committees to implement the organization’s policies and programs, and to provide services to the members.

The structure of ASLIB is designed to be flexible and responsive to the changing needs of its members. The board, committees, and staff work closely together to ensure that the organization’s activities are aligned with the needs and interests of its members.

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Library of Alexandria introduction and detailed اسکندریہ لائبریری مکمل تعارف و تاریخ

Leave a Comment / Articles / January 19, 2023 / Ch Bakht Yar Zafar

Library of Alexandria introduction and detailed

Ch. Bakht Yar Zafar and GPTchat

Abstract

The Library of Alexandria was one of the most renowned libraries of ancient times, located in the city of Alexandria, Egypt. It was founded by Ptolemy I Soter in the 3rd century BCE and was a major center of scholarship and research, housing a vast collection of texts on a wide range of subjects. The library was said to have held around 700,000 scrolls and was considered one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world. The library was also a research institution, with a staff of scholars who used the collection for their research. Despite its grandeur, the library was destroyed multiple times over the centuries, most notably in 48 BCE by Julius Caesar during his civil war. Despite its destruction, the legacy of the Library of Alexandria continues to inspire and influence scholars and researchers to this day.

Overview

The Library of Alexandria was one of the most famous libraries of the ancient world, located in the city of Alexandria, Egypt. It was founded by Ptolemy I Soter, a general of Alexander the Great, around 295 BCE. The library was a major center of scholarship and research, and its collection included works on a wide range of subjects such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, literature, and philosophy.

The library was said to have held around 700,000 scrolls, and it was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world. The library was also a research institution, with a staff of scholars who used the collection for their research. It was also a major center of translation, with many works being translated from other languages into Greek.

The library was destroyed multiple times over the centuries, due to various reasons such as fires and invasions. The most famous destruction was in 48 BCE by Julius Caesar during his civil war. The Library of Alexandria was partially rebuilt but it never fully recovered its former glory.

In addition to the main library, there were also several smaller libraries in Alexandria, such as the Daughter Library, which was located in the Bruchion quarter of the city, and focused on philosophy and the sciences.

Despite the destruction of the library, the legacy of the Library of Alexandria lived on through the many texts and ideas that were preserved and passed on through the centuries. The library was a symbol of the power of knowledge and the pursuit of learning, and it continues to inspire and influence scholars and researchers to this day.

Is it first organized library of the world?

The Library of Alexandria is considered to be one of the first organized libraries in the world, but it is not considered to be the first.

Libraries have existed in various forms throughout history, with examples of archives and collections of texts dating back to ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia and China. For example, in Mesopotamia, the library of Ashurbanipal in Nineveh (7th century BCE) is considered to be one of the first true libraries, and it held a collection of over 30,000 clay tablets.

Similarly, in China, the Imperial Library of the Han dynasty (2nd century BCE) is considered to be one of the earliest libraries in China. It held a collection of texts and works on various subjects such as history, literature, and law.

The Library of Alexandria, while one of the most renowned, is not considered the first organized library in the world, but rather one of the most significant and advanced libraries of its time, known for its vast collection, research institution, and translation center.

It is not entirely clear what specific system was used to organize the materials in the Library of Alexandria. However, it is known that the library was a major center of scholarship and research, and it is believed that the library’s collection was organized

It is also known that the library had a system of cataloging the materials in its collection, which is similar to the modern library cataloging system. The library used indexing and cataloging to make the materials more easily accessible for patrons and scholars. The library’s catalog was said to have been divided into three sections: authors, subjects, and texts.

It’s worth noting that the knowledge about the Library of Alexandria is mainly based on the accounts of historians and scholars who lived centuries after the library was destroyed, so it’s possible that the information is not entirely accurate.

Material in Alexandria Library

The Library of Alexandria had a vast collection of texts and materials on a wide range of subjects, including but not limited to:

Literature: The library had a large collection of works of literature such as epic poems, dramas, and historical texts, including many works that have since been lost to history.
History: The library had a collection of texts documenting the history of Egypt and the wider Mediterranean region.
Philosophy: The library had a collection of works on philosophy, including the works of famous philosophers such as Aristotle and Plato.
Science: The library had a collection of texts on various scientific subjects such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and natural science.
Religion: The library had a collection of religious texts from various cultures and religions, including texts from the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans.
Maps and Geography: The library had a collection of maps and texts on geography, which were used by sailors and traders.
Music: The library had a collection of texts on music theory and compositions.
Art: The library had a collection of texts on art and architecture.

This is not an exhaustive list and the library’s collection covered many other subjects as well. The library’s collection was considered one of the most extensive and diverse in the ancient world, and it was a major center of scholarship and research.

Destory the library

The Library of Alexandria was destroyed multiple times over the centuries, so there is not one specific person or group that can be identified as having destroyed the library.

One of the most famous destructions was in 48 BCE by Julius Caesar during his civil war. According to historical accounts, Caesar’s army set fire to the ships in the harbor of Alexandria, and the fire spread to the city, destroying many buildings, including the library.

Another destruction was by the Roman Emperor Aurelian in the year 272 CE, when the city of Alexandria was captured by his troops, he set fire to the Brucheion district, where the library was located.

Additionally, it is believed that the library also suffered damage and losses over time due to natural disasters such as earthquakes, and looting by various conquerors and invaders.

It’s also worth noting that the knowledge about the Library of Alexandria is mainly based on the accounts of historians and scholars who lived centuries after the library was destroyed, so it’s possible that the information is not entirely accurate.

The purpose of destroying the Library of Alexandria is not entirely clear and is a matter of historical debate.

Some historians believe that the destruction of the library was a result of accidental fires, such as the one set by Julius Caesar during his civil war. Others argue that the library was deliberately targeted and destroyed as a symbol of the power and prestige of the city of Alexandria, and as a means of destroying the knowledge and culture that it represented.

Additionally, some historians argue that the destruction of the library was a result of political, religious or ideological reasons. For example, some argue that the destruction of the library was a way to erase the intellectual and cultural heritage of the previous ruling dynasty, or to silence dissenting voices or alternative ideologies.

Area of Alexandria Library

The total area of the Library of Alexandria is not well-documented in historical records. It is known that the library was located in the Bruchion district of Alexandria, which was a large area that included not just the library, but also other buildings and institutions such as the famous Mouseion (Musaeum) of Alexandria, which was a research institute and center of learning. According to ancient accounts, the library was said to have had several different buildings or wings, each dedicated to different subjects or collections. However, it is not clear how large each of these buildings was or how much land they occupied.

Given the lack of precise data, it is difficult to estimate the total area of the Library of Alexandria with accuracy.

Library of Alexandria introduction and detailed اسکندریہ لائبریری مکمل تعارف و تاریخ Read More »

Artificial Classification مصنوعی درجہ بندی

Leave a Comment / Articles / January 19, 2023 / Ch Bakht Yar Zafar

Introduction

Artificial classification is a method of organizing data into predefined categories or classes using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. It is used to automatically classify objects, events, or observations into different groups based on their characteristics or features. This is done by training a machine learning model on a labeled dataset, which allows the model to learn the patterns and relationships between the data and the classes. Once the model is trained, it can be applied to new, unlabeled data to classify it into the appropriate category. Applications of artificial classification include image recognition, natural language processing, and anomaly detection.

In libraries, artificial classification is a method used to organize and categorize library materials such as books, journals, and other documents. This method uses artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to automatically classify and assign materials to predefined categories or classes based on their content, subject matter, and other characteristics. This allows library patrons to more easily find and access the materials they need.

History and Background

One of the most well-known artificial classification systems used in libraries is the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system, which organizes materials by subject matter and assigns each item a unique number. This system was first developed in 1876 by Melvil Dewey and is still widely used today.

Artificial classification in libraries has several advantages over traditional methods such as manual classification. It can be done more quickly and accurately, it can be applied to large amounts of data, and it can be updated and revised as new materials become available. This allows libraries to more effectively serve their patrons and support research and scholarship. Additionally, as the data in libraries are increasing exponentially, artificial classification has become crucial for efficient management and organization.

In summary, artificial classification is an important tool in libraries that enables more efficient organization and retrieval of library materials, and its use has played a significant role in the history of libraries.

Example

An example of artificial classification in a library is the use of natural language processing (NLP) techniques to classify and assign subject matter tags to books and other documents. This process involves training a machine learning model on a dataset of labeled library materials, where each item has been manually assigned a set of subject matter tags. The model can then be applied to new, unlabeled materials to automatically assign subject matter tags based on the content of the materials.

For example, a library may have a collection of books on various topics such as science, literature, and history. Using artificial classification, a machine learning model can be trained on a dataset of labeled books to learn the patterns and relationships between the content of the books and the assigned subject matter tags. The model can then be used to automatically classify and assign subject matter tags to new books as they are added to the library’s collection.

Another example is the use of Automatic Classification software, which uses algorithms to classify the documents by recognizing keywords and phrases, and matching them to predefined categories or subjects. This classification could be based on the Library of Congress Classification (LCC) or Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system for example. This software can be integrated with the library’s catalog system and allows for more efficient and accurate organization of the materials, and faster retrieval for the patrons.

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Archives آرکائیوز

Leave a Comment / Articles / January 18, 2023 / Ch Bakht Yar Zafar

What is Archieves , function, importance and complete history

Introduction:

Archives are a collection of historical documents or records that are preserved for their long-term value. These documents can include a wide variety of materials, such as letters, photographs, maps, films, audio recordings, and government documents. The purpose of archives is to collect, preserve, and make accessible primary source materials that have long-term historical, legal, research or evidentiary value. The archives are typically housed in a dedicated facility, such as a library, museum, or government agency, and are often accessible to researchers, scholars, and the general public for study and reference. The documents and materials in archives are typically organized and cataloged to make them easy to find and use.

The term “archives” can have a few different meanings depending on the context.

It can refer to a physical place where historical documents, records, and other materials are collected and preserved for long-term use.
It can also refer to the entire body of historical documents, records and other materials that are collected and preserved in that physical place.
In IT, it can also refer to a backup of data, files, or documents that are stored on a secondary storage device such as a hard drive, tape or cloud storage, and are only used in case of data loss or data recovery.

In all cases, the main purpose of archives is to preserve and make accessible historical or important information for research and reference.

Background;

Archives are collections of historical documents and other materials that have been preserved for future generations. The concept of archives dates back to ancient civilizations, where records were kept of important events and decisions made by leaders. In the Middle Ages, monasteries and churches began to collect and preserve important documents, such as land deeds and legal records. The modern concept of archives as a professional field of study and work began to develop in the 19th century, with the establishment of government archives and the creation of professional organizations for archivists. Today, archives are maintained by a wide variety of organizations, including government agencies, universities, and private companies, and play an important role in preserving and providing access to historical information.

Archieves LAW

There are a number of laws and regulations that pertain to archives and archival materials around the world. Some countries have specific laws that govern the creation, preservation, and access to archives, while others may have laws that pertain to specific types of records or information.

In the United States, for example, there is the Presidential Records Act, which governs the preservation and access to records created by the President and the White House, and the Federal Records Act, which governs the management and preservation of records created by federal agencies.

In the United Kingdom, the Public Records Act 1958 and the Data Protection Act 2018 are the main laws governing the management, preservation and access of public records, and the protection of personal data.

In Canada, the Library and Archives of Canada Act, the Access to Information Act, and the Privacy Act are the main laws that govern the creation, preservation, and access to government records.

In Australia, the Archives Act 1983 and the Privacy Act 1988 are the main laws that govern the management and preservation of government records, and the protection of personal data.

In many countries, there are also laws and regulations that govern the preservation of records and archives in specific industries, such as banking, healthcare, and transportation.

In general, these laws and regulations aim to ensure that historical records and documents are preserved for future generations, while also protecting the privacy of individuals whose information is contained in those records.

World largest Archieves Center

The Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. is the largest archive center in the world. It holds over 167 million items in various formats, including books, manuscripts, photographs, maps, and recordings. The collections include materials in more than 470 languages, with a particular emphasis on materials related to the history and culture of the United States. The library also serves as the research arm of the U.S. Congress, and provides research and reference services to members of Congress, other government agencies, and the general public.

The age of the reading material in the Library of Congress archives varies greatly, as the library has collected materials from all over the world and throughout history. Some items in the collection date back to ancient times, while others were created just a few years ago. Some examples of the oldest materials in the collection include:

The Gutenberg Bible, which was printed in the 1450s
The Giant Bible of Mainz, a 12th century manuscript
The Codex Washingtonianus, a 4th century Greek manuscript of the Gospels

The Library of Congress also holds a significant number of materials from the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries, including books, manuscripts, photographs, and maps.

It is worth noting that the age of the material in an archive is not the only measure of its significance, as the contents of the collections are carefully curated based on their relevance and research value.

Process of Archiving A Documents

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KOHA Library Software explain with hitorical background کوہا لائبریری سافٹ وئیر

Leave a Comment / Articles / January 17, 2023 / Ch Bakht Yar Zafar

Ch. Bakht Yar Zafar

Koha Library software with full feature and Historical backgrounds

Abstarct

Koha is an open-source Integrated Library System (ILS) that is used by libraries of all types and sizes to manage their collections and services. It was first developed in 1999 by a New Zealand-based web development company, Katipo Communications, and has since grown to become one of the most widely adopted open-source ILSs.

Koha offers a wide range of features that allow libraries to efficiently manage their catalog, circulation, acquisitions, and patron management. It also includes modules for serials management, reporting and analytics, self-checkout and RFID integration, and web-based access to the catalog.

One of the key strengths of Koha is its user-friendly and customizable interface, which makes it easy for librarians to navigate and manage the system. Additionally, Koha is actively developed and supported by a global network of volunteer developers and contributors, which ensures that the software is continuously updated and improved.

In summary, Koha is a powerful, versatile and open-source library management system that can be tailored to the needs of any library. With its comprehensive feature set, Koha can help libraries improve the efficiency of their operations and provide better services to their patrons.

Introduction

Koha is an open-source Integrated Library System (ILS) that was first developed in 1999 by Katipo Communications, a New Zealand-based web development company. The name “Koha” is a Maori word that means “gift” or “donation,” reflecting the open-source nature of the software.

Koha was originally developed for Horowhenua Library Trust, a library in New Zealand, as a way to replace their proprietary ILS. The software was later released as open-source under the GNU General Public License in 2000, making it the first open-source ILS to be widely adopted by libraries around the world.

Since its initial release, Koha has been adopted by libraries of all types and sizes, including public, academic, and special libraries. It has a strong user community and is actively developed and supported by a global network of volunteer developers and contributors.

Koha has a number of features that set it apart from other ILSs, including a user-friendly and customizable interface, a robust set of circulation and cataloging tools, and support for a wide range of databases and operating systems. It also includes modules for acquisitions, serials management, and patron management.

In recent years, Koha has continued to evolve and improve, with new features and enhancements being added regularly. It’s now one of the most widely used open-source ILS and supported by a large community of developers, librarians and other stakeholders.

Feature

Koha is an open-source Integrated Library System (ILS) that offers a wide range of features to help libraries manage their collections and services. Some of the key features of Koha include:

Cataloging: Koha includes powerful cataloging tools that allow librarians to easily create, edit, and manage bibliographic records, including MARC and RDA support.
Circulation: Koha offers a comprehensive circulation module that allows libraries to manage the lending of materials, including the ability to create holds, check in and check out items, and generate overdue notices.
Acquisitions: Koha includes tools for managing the purchase and receipt of library materials, including budget tracking and invoice management.
Patron Management: Koha offers a patron management module that allows libraries to create, update, and manage patron records, including contact information, check-out history, and fines.
Serials Management: Koha includes a serials management module that allows libraries to track and manage serial publications, including subscriptions and the receipt of individual issues.
Reporting and Analytics: Koha offers a wide range of reports and analytics, including circulation reports, cataloging reports, and acquisitions reports, which help libraries to track usage, identify trends, and make data-driven decisions.
Self-Checkout and RFID Integration: Koha allows libraries to set up self-checkout stations and integrate RFID technology to streamline the check-out process.
Web-based Access: Koha provides web-based access to the catalog, patron accounts, and other library services, making it easy for patrons to access information and manage their accounts from anywhere.
Mobile Access: Koha has mobile-friendly interfaces for patrons to access their account and check-out materials.
Automatic Authority Control: Koha has inbuilt functionality to automatically match authority records and improve the quality of cataloging.
Digital Asset Management: Koha includes digital asset management features that allow libraries to store, manage, and provide access to digital resources.

These features make Koha a powerful and versatile library management system that can be tailored to meet the needs of any library.

Critical Review

Koha is generally considered to be a reliable and robust library management system that offers a wide range of features to help libraries manage their collections and services. However, as with any software, there are some criticisms and limitations that have been noted by users.

One of the criticisms of Koha is that its user interface can be difficult to navigate for those who are not familiar with it. While the interface is considered to be relatively user-friendly, it can take some time for new users to learn how to use all of the features and functions.

Another criticism of Koha is that it can be difficult to customize the software to meet the specific needs of a library. While Koha is designed to be flexible and customizable, it can be challenging for libraries to make significant changes to the software without the help of a developer.

Another limitation of Koha is that it is not as widely used as other proprietary library management systems, which means that libraries may have a harder time finding support and resources compared to those using proprietary systems.

It’s also worth mentioning that Koha being open-source, the support and customization will depend on the library’s own IT department or the company that is hired to support and customize it.

Overall, Koha is widely used and well-regarded open-source library management system that offers a comprehensive set of features to help libraries manage their collections and services. However, like any software, there are some criticisms and limitations that should be considered before implementing it.

Before installing koha

Installing Koha can be a complex process that requires a certain level of technical expertise. It’s important to note that the installation process may vary depending on the operating system and environment you are using. That being said, here is a general overview of the steps involved in installing Koha:

Prepare your system: Make sure your server meets the minimum system requirements for Koha, including the appropriate version of Perl and the necessary libraries and dependencies.
Download the software: Download the latest version of Koha from the official website. There are several different versions of Koha available, including versions for Windows, Linux, and MacOS.
Install the software: Follow the instructions provided in the Koha installation guide to install the software on your server. This typically involves running a series of commands in the terminal or command prompt.
Configure the software: Configure the software by editing the necessary files and settings, such as the database settings, web server settings, and the settings for the Zebra search engine.
Create the database: Create the Koha database using the appropriate database management system (DBMS) for your installation. This typically involves running a series of SQL commands to create the necessary tables and indexes.
Import data: If you are migrating from an existing system, you will need to import your data into the Koha database. This can be done using the appropriate tools, such as the MARC Import Tool or the Koha Tools.
Test the installation: Once the installation is complete, test the software to make sure that it is working correctly. This may involve running a series of tests or checks to ensure that the software is configured correctly and that all of the necessary components are working as expected.
Customize the software: Once the installation is complete, you can customize the software to meet the specific needs of your library, such as adding custom fields, modifying the layout and look of the OPAC, and creating custom reports.

It is highly recommended to have a skilled IT professional to handle the installation process. Also, before starting the installation process, it is important to read the documentation provided by the Koha community, which includes detailed instructions and troubleshooting tips.

Steps to down load koha

he official website to download Koha is https://koha-community.org/download/

On this website, you can find the latest version of Koha, as well as previous versions of the software. The website also provides a variety of resources to help you with the installation and setup of Koha, including installation guides, troubleshooting tips, and user manuals.

You can also find the packages for different Operating Systems like Windows, Linux, and MacOS.

It’s important to note that while Koha is open-source software, it is not officially supported by any commercial organization. However, there are several companies and organizations that provide commercial support, installation, and customization services for Koha.

It’s always recommended to download the latest version of the software and also to consult the documentation provided by the Koha community before starting the installation process.

The process of downloading Koha involves several steps. Here is an overview of the process:

Go to the official Koha website: The first step is to visit the official Koha website at https://koha-community.org/download/
Select the version of Koha: On the website, you will find the latest version of Koha, as well as previous versions of the software. Select the version of Koha that you want to download, based on your operating system and the specific needs of your library.
Choose the package: Once you’ve selected the version of Koha, choose the package that you want to download. It can be the ISO image, the package for Debian or Ubuntu, the package for Redhat or Fedora.
Download the package: Click on the download link for the package you have selected. The download process may take a few minutes, depending on the speed of your internet connection.
Verify the download: Once the download is complete, it’s important to verify the integrity of the downloaded package by checking the SHA256 hash. You can find the SHA256 hash on the download page on the Koha website.
Extract the package: Once the download and verification are complete, extract the package to a directory of your choice. This will unpack the files and prepare them for installation.
Begin the installation: After extracting the package, you can begin the installation process by following the instructions provided in the Koha installation guide.

It’s important to note that the installation process can be complex and may require a certain level of technical expertise. It is always recommended to consult the documentation provided by the Koha community and to have a skilled IT professional to handle the installation process.

A data sheet for Koha software would typically include the following information:

Overview: A brief summary of the main features and capabilities of the software.
System requirements: Information about the minimum hardware and software requirements for running the software, including operating system, memory, and disk space.
Cataloging: Information about the cataloging features of the software, including support for MARC and RDA standards, ability to create and edit bibliographic records, and support for authority control.
Circulation: Information about the circulation features of the software, including support for holds, check-in and check-out, and overdue notices.
Acquisitions: Information about the acquisitions features of the software, including support for budget tracking and invoice management.
Patron management: Information about the patron management features of the software, including support for creating and managing patron records, contact information, and fines.
Serials management: Information about the serials management features of the software, including support for tracking and managing serial publications, subscriptions, and individual issues.
Reporting and analytics: Information about the reporting and analytics features of the software, including circulation reports, cataloging reports, and acquisitions reports.
Self-checkout and RFID integration: Information about the self-checkout and RFID integration features of the software, including support for setting up self-checkout stations and RFID technology.
Web-based access: Information about the web-based access features of the software, including support for remote access to the catalog and patron accounts.
Mobile access: Information about the mobile access features of the software, including mobile-friendly interfaces for patrons to access their account and check-out materials.
Digital asset management: Information about the digital asset management features of the software, including support for storing, managing, and providing access to digital resources.
Support and Customization: Information about the support and customization options available for the software, such as training, consulting and troubleshooting services.

It’s important to note that the features and capabilities of the software may vary depending on the version of Koha and the specific needs of the library. It’s always recommended to consult the documentation provided by the Koha community to get the most accurate and up-to-date information.

KOHA Library Software explain with hitorical background کوہا لائبریری سافٹ وئیر Read More »