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Define lithography?لیتھوگرافی کی تعریف کریں؟

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Lithography is a printing process in which a flat stone or metal plate is used to transfer an image onto a printing surface. It is a widely used printing technique that allows for the production of high-quality printed materials, such as books, newspapers, and packaging materials.

In lithography, an image is drawn or transferred onto a flat plate using a chemical process. The plate is then washed with water, which is absorbed by the blank areas of the plate but not by the image areas. An oil-based ink is applied to the plate, and it adheres only to the image areas. The plate is then pressed onto a printing surface, such as paper, transferring the image onto the printing surface.

Lithography is a versatile printing process that can be used to produce a wide variety of materials, including books, brochures, posters, and packaging materials. It is a high-quality printing process that is capable of producing accurate and sharp images and text.

What does Codex means?کوڈیکس کا کیا مطلب ہے؟

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A codex is an ancient book, made from parchment or vellum and bound in the form of a modern book, as opposed to a scroll. The term is usually used to refer to manuscripts from the ancient Roman world, although it can also be used more broadly to refer to any ancient book.

The word “codex” is derived from the Latin word “caudex”, which means “tree trunk”. This is because the early codices were often made from wooden tablets covered with wax, which were then bound together to form a book. Later, codices were made from parchment or vellum, which is a fine-quality of paper made from animal skins.

Codices were used in the ancient world to record a wide variety of information, including literature, legal texts, and religious texts. They were an important technological advancement, as they allowed for the preservation of written records in a durable format. Today, the term “codex” is still used to refer to ancient manuscripts, as well as to modern books in general.

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