ancient

What was the use of parchment in ancient times?قدیم زمانے میں پارچمنٹ کا استعمال کیا تھا؟

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Parchment is a writing material made from animal skin, and it has been used for centuries as a medium for writing, printing, and art. In ancient times, parchment was used for a variety of purposes, including:

  1. Writing: Parchment was often used as a writing surface for documents, books, and other written materials. It was more durable than papyrus and could be reused, making it a popular choice for important documents that needed to last a long time.
  2. Printing: Parchment was used as a printing surface in the production of books and other printed materials.
  3. Art: Parchment was also used as a support for drawings and paintings, particularly in the medieval period.
  4. Maps: Parchment was often used to make maps and other types of technical drawings, due to its strength and durability.
  5. Musical scores: Parchment was sometimes used to write down musical scores and other types of music notation.

Parchment was widely used throughout the ancient world and continued to be used for many centuries, until it was eventually replaced by paper in the modern era

Who invented paper for the first time in the world?دنیا میں پہلی بار کاغذ کس نے ایجاد کیا؟

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Paper is thought to have been invented in ancient China around the 2nd century BC. According to tradition, the paper was invented by a court official named Cai Lun during the Han Dynasty.

Before the invention of paper, people in ancient China wrote on tablets made from bamboo or silk cloth. These materials were expensive and not widely available, so Cai Lun was asked to find cheaper and more widely available writing material. He is credited with inventing a process for making paper from plant fibers, such as bamboo, hemp, and rags.

Cai Lun’s method for making paper involved pulping the plant fibers, forming the pulp into sheets, and pressing and drying the sheets to create a final product that was lightweight, strong, and suitable for writing. This process was an improvement over earlier methods of making paper, and it quickly spread throughout China and other parts of Asia.

Papermaking eventually spread to the Arab world and Europe, where it was further developed and refined. Today, paper is made in a similar way to the way it was made by Cai Lun in ancient China, using a variety of plant fibers and modern equipment.

Ancient Times Materials for Writing عہد قدیم کے لکھائی کے ذرائع

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In ancient times, people used a variety of materials for writing, including parchment, papyrus, wooden tablets, and stone or clay tablets.

Parchment was made from animal skin and was used to write both scrolls and codex-style books.

Papyrus was made from the pith of the papyrus plant and was used to create scrolls and smaller documents such as letters and contracts.

Wooden tablets were made by cutting a piece of wood and hollowing out the center to create a flat surface, which was then coated with wax. These tablets could be used to create both individual documents and longer works.

Stone and clay tablets were also used as a writing surface in ancient times. Clay tablets were inscribed with cuneiform writing and were used in Mesopotamia, while stone tablets were used in ancient Egypt and other parts of the world.

In addition to parchment, papyrus, wooden tablets, and stone or clay tablets, there were several other materials that were used for writing in ancient times, including:

  • Palm leaves: In some parts of the world, such as India and Southeast Asia, palm leaves were used as a writing surface. These leaves were cut into thin strips and then inscribed with writing using a sharp instrument. The strips were then tied together to create a book.
  • Silk: Silk was used as a writing surface in ancient China, where it was considered a luxurious and prestigious material. Silk was used to create both individual documents and longer works such as histories and novels.
  • Metal: Metal plates, such as those made of bronze or gold, were used as a writing surface in some ancient cultures. These plates were inscribed with writing using a sharp instrument, and were often used for important documents or records.
  • Glass: In some parts of the ancient world, such as Egypt, glass was used as a writing surface. Glass was inscribed with writing using a sharp instrument, and was often used for important documents or records.
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