Writing

What people used cuneiform system of writing?کن لوگوں نے تحریر کا کینیفارم سسٹم استعمال کیا؟

The cuneiform script was an ancient writing system that was used by the ancient Sumerians, who lived in what is now modern-day Iraq. The cuneiform script was one of the earliest systems of writing in the world, and it was used by the Sumerians to record a wide range of information, including laws, religious texts, and accounts of daily life.

The cuneiform script was written using a stylus or reed pen to make marks on clay tablets. The marks were made by pressing the stylus or pen into the clay at different angles to create a series of wedge-shaped marks, which represented different sounds or ideas. The cuneiform script was an ideographic writing system, which means that it used symbols or pictures to represent ideas or concepts rather than the sounds of a particular language.

The cuneiform script was used by the Sumerians for many centuries, and it was later adopted by other cultures in the region, such as the Akkadians and the Babylonians. It continued to be used as a writing system until the 1st century AD, when it was replaced by the alphabet. Today, the cuneiform script is still studied by historians and linguists as an important part of the history of writing and language.

What people used cuneiform system of writing?کن لوگوں نے تحریر کا کینیفارم سسٹم استعمال کیا؟ Read More »

What do you know about alphabetic writing?

An alphabetic writing system is a system of writing in which symbols or characters are used to represent the sounds of a particular language. Alphabetic writing systems are also sometimes called phonetic writing systems, as they represent the sounds of a language using symbols.

An alphabet is a specific type of alphabetic writing system that consists of a set of symbols or characters that represent the sounds of a particular language. The most well-known alphabet is the Latin alphabet, which is used to write a wide range of languages, including English, Spanish, French, and many others.

Alphabetic writing systems are typically more precise and phonetically accurate than ideographic writing systems, which use symbols or pictures to represent ideas or concepts. This makes them particularly well-suited for representing the sounds of languages that have a complex system of sounds, such as English or French.

In addition to the Latin alphabet, there are many other alphabetic writing systems in use around the world, including the Greek alphabet, the Cyrillic alphabet, and the Arabic alphabet, among others. These writing systems are used to write a wide range of languages, and they have played a significant role in the spread of knowledge and the development of written language.

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What is a phonetic writing?صوتی تحریر کیا ہے؟

A phonetic writing system is a system of writing in which symbols or characters are used to represent the sounds of a particular language. Phonetic writing systems are also sometimes called alphabetical writing systems, as they are often based on an alphabet, which is a set of symbols or characters that represent the sounds of a language.

Phonetic writing systems are designed to represent the sounds of a language as accurately as possible, and they are typically more precise and phonetically accurate than ideographic writing systems, which use symbols or pictures to represent ideas or concepts. This makes phonetic writing systems particularly well-suited for representing the sounds of languages that have a complex system of sounds, such as English or French.

There are many different phonetic writing systems in use around the world, including the Latin alphabet, the Greek alphabet, the Cyrillic alphabet, and the Arabic alphabet, among others. These writing systems are used to write a wide range of languages, and they have played a significant role in the spread of knowledge and the development of written language.

What is a phonetic writing?صوتی تحریر کیا ہے؟ Read More »

In which era the parchment was used as writing material?پارچمنٹ کس دور میں تحریری مواد کے طور پر استعمال ہوتا تھا؟

Parchment, which is made from animal skin, has been used as a writing material for centuries. It was used as early as the 3rd century BCE, and it was widely used during the Middle Ages in Europe. During this time, parchment was the primary material used for writing and was used to produce a wide variety of documents including religious texts, legal documents, and literature. Parchment was used until the invention of paper in the 2nd century CE, and it is still used today in some special circumstances, such as the production of official documents and in the restoration of ancient manuscripts.

In which era the parchment was used as writing material?پارچمنٹ کس دور میں تحریری مواد کے طور پر استعمال ہوتا تھا؟ Read More »

Indexانڈیکس

An index is a list of words or phrases and the corresponding page numbers where those words or phrases can be found in a book, document, or other text. An index is typically found at the end of a book or document and is used to help readers find specific information quickly and easily. An index may also include cross-references, which are references to other places in the text where related or additional information can be found.

In addition to being a useful tool for readers, an index can also be an important part of the writing process. When creating an index, writers must carefully review their work and identify the key concepts and terms that are discussed in the text. They must then decide how these concepts and terms should be organized and listed in the index. This process can help writers clarify their own thinking about the content of their work and make it easier for readers to understand and follow the argument or discussion.

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Ibidابید

Ibid is short for the Latin term “ibidem,” which means “in the same place.” It is used in academic writing as a way to refer to a previously cited source, typically in a list of references or a bibliography. For example, if you are writing a paper and you have already cited a source, you can use ibid to refer to that same source later in your paper without repeating the full citation. Instead, you can simply use ibid followed by the page number(s) if the reference is to a specific page in the source. For example: “According to Smith (2020), the earth is round (p. 23). Ibid., p. 27.” This means that you are referring to the same source (Smith, 2020) on page 27 as you previously cited on page 23.

Ibid لاطینی اصطلاح "ibidem" کے لیے مختصر ہے جس کا مطلب ہے "ایک ہی جگہ"۔ یہ علمی تحریر میں استعمال کیا جاتا ہے ایک طریقہ کے طور پر جس کا حوالہ پہلے دیا گیا ماخذ ہے، عام طور پر حوالہ جات یا کتابیات کی فہرست میں۔ مثال کے طور پر، اگر آپ ایک مقالہ لکھ رہے ہیں اور آپ نے پہلے ہی ایک ماخذ کا حوالہ دیا ہے، تو آپ مکمل حوالہ دہرائے بغیر اپنے مقالے میں بعد میں اسی ماخذ کا حوالہ دینے کے لیے ibid استعمال کر سکتے ہیں۔ اس کے بجائے، اگر حوالہ ماخذ میں کسی مخصوص صفحہ کا ہو تو آپ آسانی سے ibid کا استعمال کر سکتے ہیں جس کے بعد صفحہ نمبر (s)۔ مثال کے طور پر: "سمتھ (2020) کے مطابق، زمین گول ہے (p. 23). Ibid.، p. 27." اس کا مطلب ہے کہ آپ صفحہ 27 پر اسی ماخذ (Smith, 2020) کا حوالہ دے رہے ہیں جیسا کہ آپ نے پہلے صفحہ 23 پر حوالہ دیا تھا۔

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Biography

A biography is a written account of someone’s life. It is a type of nonfiction writing that provides a detailed and factual account of a person’s experiences, thoughts, and feelings. Biographies can cover a wide range of topics, including the person’s childhood, education, career, relationships, and other significant events in their life.

Biographies are often written to document the accomplishments or experiences of a person and may include reflections on the lessons learned and challenges faced throughout their life. They may also be written to provide a historical record of the person’s life or to share their personal story with others. Biographies can be written in a variety of styles and tones, ranging from formal to informal, and may include photographs and other personal artifacts to provide context and illustrate the person’s experiences.

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